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Calibration of a portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer in the analysis of archaeological samples using influence coefficients

R. M. Conrey, M. Goodman-Elgar, N. Bettencourt, A. Seyfarth, A. Van Hoose and J. A. Wolff
Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis, 14, 291-301, 4 February 2014, https://doi.org/10.1144/geochem2013-198
R. M. Conrey
Peter Hooper Geoanalytical Laboratory School of the Environment Box 642812 Washington State University Pullman, WA 99164-2812, USA
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M. Goodman-Elgar
Department of Anthropology Box 644910 Washington State University Pullman, WA 99164-4910, USA
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N. Bettencourt
Department of Anthropology Box 644910 Washington State University Pullman, WA 99164-4910, USA
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A. Seyfarth
Bruker Elemental 415 N. Quay Street #1 Kennewick, WA 99336, USA
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A. Van Hoose
Peter Hooper Geoanalytical Laboratory School of the Environment Box 642812 Washington State University Pullman, WA 99164-2812, USA
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J. A. Wolff
Peter Hooper Geoanalytical Laboratory School of the Environment Box 642812 Washington State University Pullman, WA 99164-2812, USA
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Abstract

This paper responds to the expanding interest in archaeology in the use of portable X-Ray fluorescence (pXRF) technologies. Accurate analysis using pXRF requires correction for absorbance and secondary enhancement of the excited element X-rays by the other elements present. Several correction methods are widely used, including fundamental parameters, influence coefficients, Compton ratioing, multi-variate statistical analysis, and dilution. Most pXRF calibrations use either fundamental parameters or multi-variate statistics. However, influence coefficients are known to be the most certain calibration method for XRF analysis of geological materials. Portable XRF calibrations using influence coefficients in the analysis of obsidian, flint, mudbrick, and sediment have far less bias and include a wider range of elements (Mg through Ce) than multi-variate statistical or fundamental parameter calibrations using beam filtered spectra. Bias v. wavelength dispersive XRF data using influence coefficients is mostly less than 1 % for obsidian and flint, and less than 2 % for mudbrick and sediment, in contrast with the large biases (up to 36 %) found using fundamental parameters or multi-variate statistical methods.

  • portable XRF
  • influence coefficients
  • accuracy
  • fundamental parameters
  • archaeological materials
  • © 2014 AAG/The Geological Society of London

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Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis: 14 (3)
Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis
Volume 14, Issue 3
July 2014
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Calibration of a portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer in the analysis of archaeological samples using influence coefficients

R. M. Conrey, M. Goodman-Elgar, N. Bettencourt, A. Seyfarth, A. Van Hoose and J. A. Wolff
Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis, 14, 291-301, 4 February 2014, https://doi.org/10.1144/geochem2013-198
R. M. Conrey
Peter Hooper Geoanalytical Laboratory School of the Environment Box 642812 Washington State University Pullman, WA 99164-2812, USA
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • For correspondence: geolab@mail.wsu.edu
M. Goodman-Elgar
Department of Anthropology Box 644910 Washington State University Pullman, WA 99164-4910, USA
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
N. Bettencourt
Department of Anthropology Box 644910 Washington State University Pullman, WA 99164-4910, USA
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
A. Seyfarth
Bruker Elemental 415 N. Quay Street #1 Kennewick, WA 99336, USA
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
A. Van Hoose
Peter Hooper Geoanalytical Laboratory School of the Environment Box 642812 Washington State University Pullman, WA 99164-2812, USA
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  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
J. A. Wolff
Peter Hooper Geoanalytical Laboratory School of the Environment Box 642812 Washington State University Pullman, WA 99164-2812, USA
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Calibration of a portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer in the analysis of archaeological samples using influence coefficients

R. M. Conrey, M. Goodman-Elgar, N. Bettencourt, A. Seyfarth, A. Van Hoose and J. A. Wolff
Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis, 14, 291-301, 4 February 2014, https://doi.org/10.1144/geochem2013-198
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